1.  philosopher(n = noun.person) Array - a specialist in philosophy; Array
is a kind of bookman, scholar, scholarly person, student
has particulars: nativist, cynic, eclectic, eclecticist, empiricist, epistemologist, aesthetician, esthetician, ethician, ethicist, existential philosopher, existentialist, existentialist philosopher, gymnosophist, libertarian, mechanist, moralist, naturalist, necessitarian, nominalist, pluralist, pre-socratic, realist, scholastic, sophist, stoic, transcendentalist, yogi, karl popper, popper, sir karl raimund popper, abelard, peter abelard, pierre abelard, anaxagoras, anaximander, anaximenes, arendt, hannah arendt, aristotle, abul-walid mohammed ibn-ahmad ibn-mohammed ibn-roshd, averroes, ibn-roshd, abu ali al-husain ibn abdallah ibn sina, avicenna, ibn-sina, 1st baron verulam, bacon, baron verulam, francis bacon, sir francis bacon, viscount st. albans, bentham, jeremy bentham, bergson, henri bergson, henri louis bergson, berkeley, bishop berkeley, george berkeley, anicius manlius severinus boethius, boethius, bruno, giordano bruno, buber, martin buber, cassirer, ernst cassirer, cleanthes, auguste comte, comte, isidore auguste marie francois comte, condorcet, marie jean antoine nicolas caritat, marquis de condorcet, confucius, k'ung futzu, kong the master, kongfuze, democritus, derrida, jacques derrida, descartes, rene descartes, dewey, john dewey, denis diderot, diderot, diogenes, empedocles, epictetus, epicurus, ernst heinrich haeckel, haeckel, david hartley, hartley, georg wilhelm friedrich hegel, hegel, heraclitus, herbart, johann friedrich herbart, herder, johann gottfried von herder, hobbes, thomas hobbes, david hume, hume, edmund husserl, husserl, hypatia, james, william james, immanuel kant, kant, kierkegaard, soren aabye kierkegaard, soren kierkegaard, lao-tse, lao-tzu, lao-zi, gottfried wilhelm leibnitz, gottfried wilhelm leibniz, leibnitz, leibniz, john locke, locke, lucretius, titus lucretius carus, lully, ramon lully, raymond lully, ernst mach, mach, machiavelli, niccolo machiavelli, maimonides, moses maimonides, rabbi moses ben maimon, malebranche, nicolas de malebranche, herbert marcuse, marcuse, karl marx, marx, george herbert mead, mead, john mill, john stuart mill, mill, james mill, mill, baron de la brede et de montesquieu, charles louis de secondat, montesquieu, g. e. moore, george edward moore, moore, friedrich wilhelm nietzsche, nietzsche, occam, ockham, william of occam, william of ockham, origen, jose ortega y gasset, ortega y gasset, parmenides, blaise pascal, pascal, charles peirce, charles sanders peirce, peirce, perry, ralph barton perry, plato, plotinus, pythagoras, quine, w. v. quine, willard van orman quine, radhakrishnan, sarvepalli radhakrishnan, sir sarvepalli radhakrishnan, reid, thomas reid, jean-jacques rousseau, rousseau, bertrand arthur william russell, bertrand russell, earl russell, russell, arthur schopenhauer, schopenhauer, albert schweitzer, schweitzer, lucius annaeus seneca, seneca, socrates, herbert spencer, spencer, oswald spengler, spengler, baruch de spinoza, benedict de spinoza, de spinoza, spinoza, rudolf steiner, steiner, dugald stewart, stewart, rabindranath tagore, sir rabindranath tagore, tagore, pierre teilhard de chardin, teilhard de chardin, thales, thales of miletus, theophrastus, simone weil, weil, alfred north whitehead, whitehead, bernard arthur owen williams, sir bernard williams, williams, ludwig josef johan wittgenstein, ludwig wittgenstein, wittgenstein, xenophanes, zeno, zeno of citium, zeno, zeno of elea
Derived forms adjective philosophic₁, noun philosophy₂

2.  philosopher(n = noun.person) Array - a wise person who is calm and rational; someone who lives a life of reason with equanimity; Array
is a kind of individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul
Derived forms adjective philosophic₂, adjective philosophical₂, noun philosophy₁, noun philosophy₃, noun philosophy₂

1.  One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy. [1913 Webster]
"Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him." [1913 Webster]

2.  One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness. [1913 Webster]

3.  An alchemist. Chaucer. [1913 Webster]

philosopher, n.
1 a person engaged or learned in philosophy or a branch of it.
2 a person who lives by philosophy.
3 a person who shows philosophic calmness in trying circumstances.

Idiom:
philosophers' (or philosopher's) stone the supreme object of alchemy, a substance supposed to change other metals into gold or silver.

Etymology:
ME f. AF philosofre var. of OF, philosophe f. L philosophus f. Gk philosophos (as PHILO-, sophos wise)

N  advice, counsel, adhortation, word to the wise, suggestion, submonition, recommendation, advocacy, advisement, exhortation, expostulation, admonition, guidance, instruction, charge, injunction, obtestation, Governor's message, President's message, King's message, Queen's speech, message, speech from the throne, adviser, prompter, counsel, counselor, monitor, mentor, Nestor, magnus Apollo, senator, teacher, guide, manual, chart, physician, doctor, leech, archiater, arbiter, reference, referment, consultation, conference, pourparler, recommendatory, hortative, dehortatory, admonitory, Int, go to!, give every man thine ear but few thy voice, I pray thee cease thy counsel, my guide, philosopher, and friend, 'twas good advice and meant, my son be good, verbum sat sapienti, a word to the wise is sufficient, vive memor leti, we, ask advice but we mean approbation.

N  scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman, professor, graduate, wrangler, academician, academist, master of arts, doctor, licentitate, gownsman, philosopher, master of math, scientist, clerk, sophist, sophister, linguist, glossolinguist, philologist, philologer, lexicographer, glossographer, grammarian, litterateur, literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti, fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi, Sanskritish, sinologist, sinologue, Mezzofanti, admirable Crichton, Mecaenas, bookworm, helluo librorum, bibliophile, bibliomaniac, bluestocking, bas-bleu, bigwig, learned Theban, don, Artium Baccalaureus, Artium Magister, learned man, literary man, homo multarum literarum, man of learning, man of letters, man of education, man of genius, antiquarian, antiquary, archaeologist, sage, pedant, doctrinaire, pedagogue, Dr, Pangloss, pantologist, criminologist, schoolboy, learned, brought up at the feet of Gamaliel, he was a scholar and a ripe and good one, the manifold linguist.

existentialist philosopher