laparotomy(n = noun.act) - surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs;
is a kind of incision, section, surgical incision
has particulars: laparoscopy

   A cutting through the walls of the abdomen, as in the Cæsarean section. [1913 Webster]

laparotomy, n. (pl. -ies) a surgical incision into the abdominal cavity for exploration or diagnosis.

Etymology:
Gk lapara flank + -TOMY