neuron(n = noun.body) nerve cell - a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses;
is a kind of somatic cell, vegetative cell
is a part of nervous system, systema nervosum
has parts: axon, axone, dendrite
has particulars: gangliocyte, ganglion cell, brain cell, efferent neuron, motoneuron, motor nerve fiber, motor neuron, afferent neuron, sensory neuron
Derived forms adjective neural₂, adjective neuronal₁, adjective neuronic₁

1.  The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis; myelencephalon. B. G. Wilder. [1913 Webster]

2.  The characteristic specialized cell that is part of the nervous system, serving to conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain, and also between other parts of the body, and composed of a main cell body, the axon, with a varying number of processes of varying length, the dendrites; a nerve cell. The movement and behavior of higher animals depends on the signals tranmsitted by such nerve cells. [PJC]

neuron, n. (also neurone) a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve-cell.

Derivative:
neuronal adj. neuronic adj.

Etymology:
Gk neuron nerve

afferent neuron, efferent neuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron