1.  shield(n = noun.artifact) - a protective covering or structure;
is a kind of protection, protective cover, protective covering
has particulars: nipple shield, plate, scale, shell, shielding, shielding
Derived form verb shield₁

2.  shield(n = noun.artifact) buckler - armor carried on the arm to intercept blows;
is a kind of armor, armour
has particulars: escutcheon, scutcheon, pavis, pavise
Derived form verb shield₁

3.  shield(n = noun.animal) carapace, cuticle, shell - hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles;
is a kind of scute
is a part of turtle, arthropod, mollusc, mollusk, shellfish
has particulars: cuticula

1.  shield(v = verb.competition) screen - protect, hide, or conceal from danger or harm;
is one way to protect
Derived forms noun shield₂, noun shield₁, noun shielder₁, noun shielding₁
Sample sentences: Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s somebody; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something

2.  shield(v = verb.perception) harbor, harbour - hold back a thought or feeling about; "She is harboring a grudge against him"
is one way to conceal, hide
Sample sentences: Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s somebody; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something

1.  A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, -- formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body. See Buckler. [1913 Webster]
"Now put your shields before your hearts and fight,
With hearts more proof than shields." [1913 Webster]

2.  Anything which protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection. Shak. [1913 Webster]

3.  Figuratively, one who protects or defends. [1913 Webster]
"Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward." [1913 Webster]

4.  In lichens, a Hardened cup or disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or asci. [1913 Webster]

5.  The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms. Cf. Lozenge. See Illust. of Escutcheon. [1913 Webster]

6.  A framework used to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of being pushed along as excavation progresses. [1913 Webster]

7.  A spot resembling, or having the form of, a shield. Spenser. [1913 Webster]

8.  A coin, the old French crown, or écu, having on one side the figure of a shield. Chaucer. [1913 Webster]

1.  To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to protect from assault or injury. [1913 Webster]
"Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field,
To see the son the vanquished father shield." [1913 Webster]
"A woman's shape doth shield thee." [1913 Webster]

2.  To ward off; to keep off or out. [1913 Webster]
"They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to shield the cold to which they had been inured." [1913 Webster]

3.  To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a supplicatory exclamation, forbid! [1913 Webster]
"God shield that it should so befall." [1913 Webster]
"God shield I should disturb devotion!" [1913 Webster]

shield, n. & v.
--n.
1 a esp. hist. a piece of armour of esp. metal, carried on the arm or in the hand to deflect blows from the head or body. b a thing serving to protect (insurance is a shield against disaster).
2 a thing resembling a shield, esp.: a a trophy in the form of a shield. b a protective plate or screen in machinery etc. c a shieldlike part of an animal, esp. a shell. d a similar part of a plant. e Geol. a large rigid area of the earth's crust, usu. of Precambrian rock, which has been unaffected by later orogenic episodes. f US a policeman's shield-shaped badge.
3 Heraldry a stylized representation of a shield used for displaying a coat of arms etc.
--v.tr. protect or screen, esp. from blame or lawful punishment.

Idiom:
shield fern 1 any common fern of the genus Polystichum, with shield-shaped indusia.
2 = BUCKLER 2.

Derivative:
shieldless adj.

Etymology:
OE sc(i)eld f. Gmc: prob. orig. = board, rel. to SCALE(1)

N  safety, security, surety, impregnability, invulnerability, invulnerableness, danger past, danger over, storm blown over, coast clear, escape, means of escape, blow valve, safety valve, release valve, sniffing valve, safeguard, palladium, guardianship, wardship, wardenship, tutelage, custody, safekeeping, preservation, protection, auspices, safe-conduct, escort, convoy, guard, shield, guardian angel, tutelary god, tutelary deity, tutelary saint, genius loci, protector, guardian, warden, warder, preserver, custodian, duenna, chaperon, third person, watchdog, bandog, Cerberus, watchman, patrolman, policeman, cop, dick, fuzz, smokey, peeler, zarp, sentinel, sentry, scout, garrison, guardship, refuge &c, anchor, precaution, quarantine, cordon sanitaire, confidence, protect, take care of, preserve, cover, screen, shelter, shroud, flank, ward, guard, secure, entrench, intrench, fence round, house, nestle, ensconce, take charge of, escort, convoy, garrison, watch, mount guard, patrol, make assurance doubly sure, take up a loose thread, take precautions, double reef topsails, seek safety, take shelter, find shelter, Adj, safe, secure, sure, in safety, in security, on the safe side, under the shield of, under the shade of, under the wing of, under the shadow of one's wing, under cover, under lock and key, out of danger, out of the woods, out of the meshes, out of harm's way, unharmed, unscathed, on sure ground, at anchor, high and dry, above water, unthreatened, unmolested, protected, cavendo tutus, panoplied, snug, seaworthy, weatherproof, waterproof, fireproof, defensible, tenable, proof against, invulnerable, unassailable, unattackable, impenetrable, impregnable, imperdible, inexpugnable, Achillean, safe and sound, scathless, unhazarded, not dangerous, unthreatening, harmless, friendly (cooperative), protecting, protective, guardian, tutelary, preservative, trustworthy, ex abundanti cautela, with impunity, all's well, salva res est, suave mari magno, a couvert, e terra alterius spectare laborem, Dieu vous garde.

N  refuge, sanctuary, retreat, fastness, acropolis, keep, last resort, ward, prison, asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute, almshouse, hiding place, sanctum sanctorum, roadstead, anchorage, breakwater, mole, port, haven, harbor, harbor of refuge, seaport, pier, jetty, embankment, quay, covert, cover, shelter, screen, lee wall, wing, shield, umbrella, barrier, dashboard, dasher, wall, fort, anchor, kedge, grapnel, grappling iron, sheet anchor, killick, mainstay, support, cheek, ballast, jury mast, vent-peg, safety valve, blow-off valve, safety lamp, lightning rod, lightning conductor, safety belt, airbag, seat belt, antilock brakes, antiskid tires, snow tires, means of escape, lifeboat, lifejacket, life buoy, swimming belt, cork jacket, parachute, plank, steppingstone, emergency landing, safeguard, any port in a storm, bibere venenum in auro, valet anchora virtus.

N  defense, protection, guard, ward, shielding, propugnation, preservation, guardianship, area defense, site defense, self-defense, self-preservation, resistance, safeguard, balistraria, bunker, screen, camouflage, fortification, munition, muniment, trench, foxhole, bulwark, fosse, moat, ditch, entrenchment, intrenchment, kila, dike, dyke, parapet, sunk fence, embankment, mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment, earth work, field- work, fence, wall dead wall, contravallation, paling, palisade, haha, stockade, stoccado, laager, sangar, barrier, barricade, boom, portcullis, chevaux de frise, abatis, abattis, abbatis, vallum, circumvallation, battlement, rampart, scarp, escarp, counter-scarp, glacis, casemate, vallation, vanfos, buttress, abutment, shore, breastwork, banquette, curtain, mantlet, bastion, redan, ravelin, vauntmure, advance work, horn work, outwork, barbacan, barbican, redoubt, fort-elage, fort-alice, lines, loophole, machicolation, sally port, hold, stronghold, fastness, asylum, keep, donjon, dungeon, fortress, citadel, capitol, castle, tower of strength, tower of strength, fort, barracoon, pah, sconce, martello tower, peelhouse, blockhouse, rath, wooden walls, bulletproof vest, armored vest, buffer, corner stone, fender, apron, mask, gauntlet, thimble, carapace, armor, shield, buckler, aegis, breastplate, backplate, cowcatcher, face guard, scutum, cuirass, habergeon, mail, coat of mail, brigandine, hauberk, lorication, helmet, helm, bassinet, salade, heaume, morion, murrion, armet, cabaset, vizor, casquetel, siege cap, headpiece, casque, pickelhaube, vambrace, shako, bearskin, panoply, truncheon, garrison, picket, piquet, defender, protector, guardian, bodyguard, champion, knight-errant, Paladin, propugner, bulletproof window, hardened site, defending, defensive, mural, armed, armed at all points, armed cap-a-pie, armed to the teeth, panoplied, iron-plated, ironclad, loopholed, castellated, machicolated, casemated, defended, proof against, armored, ballproof, bulletproof, hardened, defensively, on the defense, on the defensive, in defense, at bay, pro aris et focis, Int, no surrender!, defense not defiance, Dieu defend le droit, fidei defensor, defender of the faith.

VB  defend, forfend, fend, shield, screen, shroud, engarrison, fend round, fence, entrench, intrench, guard, guard against, take care of, bear harmless, fend off, keep off, ward off, beat off, beat back, hinder, parry, repel, propugn, put to flight, give a warm reception to, hold at bay, keep at bay, keep arm's length, stand on the defensive, act on the defensive, show fight, maintain one's ground, stand one's ground, stand by, hold one's own, bear the brunt, stand the brunt, fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap.

N  title, honor, knighthood, highness, excellency, grace, lordship, worship, reverence, reverend, esquire, sir, master, Mr, signor, senor, Mein Herr, mynheer, your honor, his honor, serene highness, handle to one's name, decoration, laurel, palm, wreath, garland, bays, medal, ribbon, riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet, star, garter, feather, feather in one's cap, epaulet, epaulette, colors, cockade, livery, order, arms, shield, scutcheon, reward.

N  covering, cover, baldachin, baldachino, baldaquin, canopy, tilt, awning, tent, marquee, tente d'abri, umbrella, parasol, sunshade, veil (shade), shield, roof, ceiling, thatch, tile, pantile, pentile, tiling, slates, slating, leads, barrack, plafond, planchment, tiling, shed, top, lid, covercle, door, operculum, bulkhead, bandage, plaster, lint, wrapping, dossil, finger stall, coverlet, counterpane, sheet, quilt, tarpaulin, blanket, rug, drugget, housing, antimacassar, eiderdown, numdah, pillowcase, pillowslip, linoleum, saddle cloth, blanket cloth, tidy, tilpah, apishamore, integument, tegument, skin, pellicle, fleece, fell, fur, leather, shagreen, hide, pelt, peltry, cordwain, derm, robe, buffalo robe, cuticle, scarfskin, epidermis, clothing, mask, peel, crust, bark, rind, cortex, husk, shell, coat, eggshell, glume, capsule, sheath, sheathing, pod, cod, casing, case, theca, elytron, elytrum, involucrum, wrapping, wrapper, envelope, vesicle, corn husk, corn shuck, dermatology, conchology, testaceology, inunction, incrustation, superimposition, superposition, obduction, scale, veneer, facing, overlay, plate, silver plate, gold plate, copper plate, engobe, ormolu, Sheffield plate, pavement, coating, paint, varnish, plating, barrel plating, anointing, enamel, epitaxial deposition, vapor deposition, ground, whitewash, plaster, spackel, stucco, compo, cerement, ointment, covering, superimposed, overlaid, plated, cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary, skinny, scaly, squamous, covered, imbricated, loricated, armor plated, ironclad, under cover, cowled, cucullate, dermatoid, encuirassed, hooded, squamiferous, tectiform, vaginate.

N  indication, symbolism, symbolization, semiology, semiotics, semeiology, semeiotics, Zeitgeist, characteristic, diagnostic, lineament, feature, trait, fingerprint, voiceprint, footprint, noseprint, cloven hoof, footfall, recognition (memory), diagnostic, divining rod, detector, sign, symbol, index, indice, indicator, point, pointer, exponent, note, token, symptom, dollar sign, dollar mark, type, figure, emblem, cipher, device, representation, epigraph, motto, posy, gesture, gesticulation, pantomime, wink, glance, leer, nod, shrug, beck, touch, nudge, dactylology, dactylonomy, freemasonry, telegraphy, chirology, byplay, dumb show, cue, hint, clue, clew, key, scent, signal, signal post, rocket, blue light, watch fire, watch tower, telegraph, semaphore, flagstaff, cresset, fiery cross, calumet, heliograph, guidon, headlight, mark, scratch, line, stroke, dash, score, stripe, streak, tick, dot, point, notch, nick, print, imprint, impress, impression, keyboard symbols, printing symbols, red letter, italics, sublineation, underlining, bold font, jotting, note, annotation, reference, blaze, cedilla, guillemets, hachure, quotation marks, ", double quotes, " ", parentheses, "( )", brackets, "", braces, "", left arrow, "<", right arrow, ">", forward slash, "/", backward slash, "\", exclamation point, "!", commercial at, "@", pound sign, "#", percent sign, "%", carat, "", ampersand, "&", asterisk, "*", hyphen, "-", dash, "-", "_", em dash, "--", plus sign, "+", equals sign, "=", question mark, "?", period, ", ", semicolon, ", ", colon, ":", comma, ", ", apostrophe, "'", single quote, "'", tilde, "~", badge, criterion, countercheck, countermark, countersign, counterfoil, duplicate, tally, label, ticket, billet, letter, counter, check, chip, chop, dib, totem, tessera, card, bill, witness, voucher, stamp, cacher, trade mark, Hall mark, signature, mark, autograph, autography, attestation, hand, hand writing, sign manual, cipher, seal, sigil, signet, hand and seal, paraph, brand, superscription, indorsement, endorsement, password, watchword, catchword, security card, pass, passkey, credentials, open sesame, timbrology, mot de passe, mot du guet, pass-parole, shibboleth, title, heading, docket, address card, visiting card, carte de visite, insignia, banner, banneret, bannerol, bandrol, flag, colors, streamer, standard, eagle, labarum, oriflamb, oriflamme, figurehead, ensign, pennon, pennant, pendant, burgee, blue Peter, jack, ancient, gonfalon, union jack, banderole, old glory, quarantine flag, vexillum, yellow-flag, yellow jack, tricolor, stars and stripes, bunting, heraldry, crest, coat of arms, arms, armorial bearings, hatchment, escutcheon, scutcheon, shield, supporters, livery, uniform, cockade, epaulet, chevron, garland, love knot, favor, beacon, cairn, post, staff, flagstaff, hand, pointer, vane, cock, weathercock, guidepost, handpost, fingerpost, directing post, signpost, pillars of Hercules, pharos, bale-fire, beacon-fire, l'etoile du Nord, landmark, seamark, lighthouse, balize, polestar, loadstar, lodestar, cynosure, guide, address, direction, name, sign, signboard, warning, omen, prefigurement, trace, record, warning &c, alarm, scepter, trophy, gauge, milestone, milepost, brand, fool's cap, check, telltale, test, mileage ticket, milliary, notification, advertisement, word of command, call, bugle call, trumpet call, bell, alarum, cry, battle cry, rallying cry, angelus, reveille, sacring bell, sanctus bell, exposition &c (explanation), proof, pattern, indicating, indicative, indicatory, denotative, connotative, diacritical, representative, typical, symbolic, pantomimic, pathognomonic, symptomatic, characteristic, demonstrative, diagnostic, exponential, emblematic, armorial, individual, known by, recognizable by, indicated, pointed, marked, denotable, indelible, in token of, symbolically, in dumb show, ecce signum, ex ungue leonem, ex pede Herculem, vide ut supra, vultus ariete fortior.

fragrant shield fern, goldie's shield fern, heat shield, nipple shield, prickly shield fern, shield fern, shield of david, soft shield fern, water shield

   fern(n = noun.plant) - any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores;
is a kind of nonflowering plant, pteridophyte
has parts: fern seed
is a member of class filicinae, class filicopsida, filicinae, filicopsida
has particulars: pecopteris, film fern, filmy fern, bristle fern, filmy fern, flowering fern, osmund, crape fern, leptopteris superba, prince-of-wales feather, prince-of-wales fern, prince-of-wales plume, todea superba, crepe fern, king fern, todea barbara, curly grass, curly grass fern, schizaea pusilla, anemia adiantifolia, pine fern, climbing fern, mohria caffrorum, scented fern, aquatic fern, water fern, adder's tongue, adder's tongue fern, grape fern, flowering fern, helminthostachys zeylanica, diplopterygium longissimum, giant scrambling fern, fan fern, gleichenia flabellata, sticherus flabellatus, umbrella fern, polypody, aglaomorpha meyeniana, bear's-paw fern, strap fern, basket fern, drynaria rigidula, lecanopteris, microgramma-piloselloides, snake polypody, climbing bird's nest fern, microsorium punctatum, golden polypody, phlebodium aureum, polypodium aureum, rabbit's-foot fern, serpent fern, staghorn fern, cyclophorus lingua, felt fern, pyrrosia lingua, tongue fern, potato fern, solanopteris bifrons, grass fern, ribbon fern, vittaria lineata, spleenwort, asplenium nidus, bird's nest fern, asplenium scolopendrium, hart's-tongue, hart's-tongue fern, phyllitis scolopendrium, asplenium ceterach, ceterach officinarum, scale fern, scaly fern, asplenium nigripes, schaffneria nigripes, scolopendrium nigripes, scolopendrium, hard fern, doodia, rasp fern, chain fern, tree fern, davallia, boulder fern, dennstaedtia punctilobula, hay-scented, hay-scented fern, scented fern, bracken, brake, pasture brake, pteridium aquilinum, bracken, pteridium esculentum, culcita dubia, false bracken, buckler fern, shield fern, wood-fern, wood fern, woodfern, athyrium filix-femina, lady fern, athyrium pycnocarpon, diplazium pycnocarpon, glade fern, narrow-leaved spleenwort, silvery spleenwort, cyrtomium aculeatum, holly fern, polystichum aculeatum, bladder fern, athyrium thelypteroides, deparia acrostichoides, silvery spleenwort, gymnocarpium dryopteris, oak fern, thelypteris dryopteris, gymnocarpium robertianum, limestone fern, northern oak fern, fiddlehead, matteuccia struthiopteris, onoclea struthiopteris, ostrich fern, pteretis struthiopteris, shuttlecock fern, hart's-tongue, hart's-tongue fern, olfersia cervina, polybotria cervina, polybotrya cervina, bead fern, onoclea sensibilis, sensitive fern, canker brake, christmas fern, dagger fern, evergreen wood fern, polystichum acrostichoides, holly fern, leather fern, leatherleaf fern, polystichum adiantiformis, rumohra adiantiformis, ten-day fern, button fern, tectaria cicutaria, indian button fern, tectaria macrodonta, woodsia, oleander fern, oleandra mollis, oleandra neriiformis, sword fern, acrostichum aureum, golden fern, leather fern, maidenhair, maidenhair fern, annual fern, anogramma leptophylla, jersey fern, lip fern, lipfern, cheilanthes gracillima, lace fern, bamboo fern, coniogramme japonica, rock brake, doryopteris pedata, hand fern, cliff-brake, cliff brake, rock brake, button fern, pellaea rotundifolia, pityrogramma argentea, silver fern, pityrogramma calomelanos, silver fern, golden fern, pityrogramma calomelanos aureoflava, gold fern, pityrogramma chrysophylla, brake, pteris cretica, pteris multifida, spider brake, spider fern, pteris serrulata, ribbon fern, spider fern, marattia salicina, potato fern, dryopteris thelypteris, marsh fern, thelypteris palustris, christella, dryopteris oreopteris, mountain fern, oreopteris limbosperma, dryopteris noveboracensis, new york fern, parathelypteris novae-boracensis, massachusetts fern, parathelypteris simulata, thelypteris simulata, beech fern
Derived forms adjective ferny₁, adjective ferny₂

   Long ago. Chaucer. [1913 Webster]

   Ancient; old. [Obs.] “Pilgrimages to . . . ferne halwes.” [saints]. Chaucer. [1913 Webster]

   An order of cryptogamous plants, the Filices, which have their fructification on the back of the fronds or leaves. They are usually found in humid soil, sometimes grow epiphytically on trees, and in tropical climates often attain a gigantic size. [1913 Webster]
" The plants are asexual, and bear clustered sporangia, containing minute spores, which germinate and form prothalli, on which are borne the true organs of reproduction. The brake or bracken, the maidenhair, and the polypody are all well known ferns." [1913 Webster]

fern, n. (pl. same or ferns) any flowerless plant of the order Filicales, reproducing by spores and usu. having feathery fronds.

Derivative:
fernery n. (pl. -ies). fernless adj. ferny adj.

Etymology:
OE fearn f. WG

N  vegetable, vegetable kingdom, flora, verdure, plant, tree, shrub, bush, creeper, herb, herbage, grass, annual, perennial, biennial, triennial, exotic, timber, forest, wood, woodlands, timberland, hurst, frith, holt, weald, park, chase, greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice, bocage, tope, clump of trees, thicket, spinet, spinney, underwood, brushwood, scrub, boscage, bosk, ceja, chaparal, motte, arboretum, bush, jungle, prairie, heath, heather, fern, bracken, furze, gorse, whin, grass, turf, pasture, pasturage, turbary, sedge, rush, weed, fungus, mushroom, toadstool, lichen, moss, conferva, mold, growth, alfalfa, alfilaria, banyan, blow, blowth, floret, petiole, pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia, foliage, branch, bough, ramage, stem, tigella, spray, leaf, flower, blossom, bine, flowering plant, timber tree, fruit tree, pulse, legume, vegetable, vegetal, vegetive, vegitous, herbaceous, herbal, botanic, sylvan, silvan, arborary, arboreous, arborescent, arborical, woody, grassy, verdant, verdurous, floral, mossy, lignous, ligneous, wooden, leguminous, vosky, cespitose, turf-like, turfy, endogenous, exogenous, green-robed senators of mighty woods, this is the forest primeval.

adder's fern, adder's tongue fern, alabama lip fern, alpine lady fern, american maidenhair fern, american parsley fern, american wall fern, annual fern, aquatic fern, asparagus fern, ball fern, bamboo fern, basket fern, bead fern, bear's-paw fern, beech fern, bermuda maidenhair fern, berry fern, bird's nest fern, bird's-foot fern, black tree fern, bladder fern, boston fern, boulder fern, braun's holly fern, bristle fern, brittle bladder fern, brittle fern, brittle maidenhair fern, broad beech fern, buckler fern, bulblet bladder fern, bulblet fern, button fern, california fern, canary island hare's foot fern, carolina pond fern, central american strap fern, chain fern, christmas fern, cinnamon fern, climbing bird's nest fern, climbing fern, climbing maidenhair fern, clover fern, coffee fern, common staghorn fern, cow-tongue fern, crape fern, creeping fern, crepe fern, curly grass fern, dagger fern, daisy-leaved grape fern, daisyleaf grape fern, deer fern, ditch fern, elkhorn fern, european parsley fern, evergreen wood fern, fan fern, farley maidenhair fern, felt fern, fern ally, fern family, fern genus, fern palm, fern rhapis, fern seed, fiddlehead fern, film fern, filmy fern, five-fingered maidenhair fern, floating fern, florida strap fern, flower-cup fern, flowering fern, fragile fern, fragrant cliff fern, fragrant shield fern, fragrant wood fern, giant fern, giant scrambling fern, glade fern, glory fern, gold fern, golden fern, goldie's fern, goldie's shield fern, goldie's wood fern, grape fern, grass fern, hairy lip fern, hand fern, hard fern, hare's-foot bristle fern, hare's-foot fern, hart's-tongue fern, hartford fern, hay-scented fern, holly fern, indian button fern, interrupted fern, jersey fern, kidney fern, killarney fern, king fern, lace fern, lady fern, leather fern, leatherleaf fern, leatherleaf wood fern, leathery grape fern, licorice fern, limestone fern, lip fern, long beech fern, maidenhair fern, male fern, marginal wood fern, marsh fern, massachusetts fern, meadow fern, mosquito fern, mountain bladder fern, mountain fern, mountain male fern, mountain parsley fern, narrow beech fern, narrow-leaved strap fern, nebraska fern, new york fern, northern beech fern, northern holly fern, northern oak fern, oak fern, oleander fern, ostrich fern, pine fern, potato fern, prickly shield fern, prince-of-wales fern, rabbit's-foot fern, rasp fern, rattlesnake fern, resurrection fern, ribbon fern, royal fern, sago fern, scale fern, scaly fern, scented fern, sea fern, seed fern, sensitive fern, serpent fern, shield fern, shuttlecock fern, silver fern, silver tree fern, skeleton fork fern, smooth lip fern, snake fern, snuffbox fern, soft shield fern, soft tree fern, southern beech fern, southwestern lip fern, spider fern, squirrel's-foot fern, stag-horn fern, staghorn fern, strap fern, sweet fern, sword fern, ten-day fern, tongue fern, toothed sword fern, tree fern, umbrella fern, venus'-hair fern, virginia chain fern, walking fern, wall fern, water fern, western holly fern, whisk fern, winter fern, wood fern, wooly lip fern